ABSTRACT -
The cooker provides an improved panel which works as
tracking system in this cooker helping to eliminate the tracking arrangement
which reduces human effort. The significance of these panels is that they
replace the tracking system which reduces cost and reduces human effort of
frequent adjustment of mirror, reducing the weight. A novel focus arrangement
includes four reflecting panels for gathering the sun’s rays and focusing them
into a zone so as to distribute the heat for effective cooking without burning
the food or the containers .The cooker folds into a relatively small package
for storage or transportation. It can be assembled quickly and easily. The
cooker in its small, folded condition is highly portable, but is easily and
quickly set up for use. Further means are provided for holding and
cooking various types of food including liquids, solids, etc. The device
provides a single glazed glass reflector having a relatively short focal length
and which provides focusing of the reflected rays into a zone so as to provide
effective heating of the cooking area without overheating.
KEYWORDS : Trapezoidal collector, glassing material, solar deflection per hour, experimental
analysis.
INTRODUCTION
1.1.
CURRENT SCENARIO -
In
the past decade there has been a significant increase in the economic progress
and human life style. Even though it gives pleasure to us, there is a another
major problem to be resolved are the great environmental issue, increase in the
average temperature of the universe (global warming) and energy security
because of the severe utilization fossil fuels such as coal, petrol and diesel
which will be exhausted within the few decades.
The
vise option for the above mentioned problem is going for renewable energy.
Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such sunlight,
wind, rain, tidal, and geothermal heat, which are renewable (naturally
replenished). The solar energy has a prime contribution in generation of other
types.
The
electricity bill has also gone up due to demand. But we need a large amount of
hot water at a wide range of temperature for home and industrial application.
By harnessing the solar energy we can make a hot water. It is well proved in
solar water heater. In India the government and other social organization are instructing
and supporting the people to use and implement the solar energy in various
application
1.2.
SOLAR POWER IN INDIA
-
India
is both densely populated and has high
solar insulation, provided an ideal combination for solar power in India. With
about 300 clear sunny days in a year, India’s theoretical solar power
reception, just on its land area, is about 5 PWh/year (i.e. =5000 trillion
kWh/m2 with about 2,300-3,200 sunshine hours per year, depending
upon location. This is far more than current total energy consumption. For
example, even assuming 10% conversion efficiency for PV modules; it will still
be thousand times greater than likely electricity demand in India by the Year
2015.
1.3.
SOLAR RADIATION AT THE
EARTH -
From
the point of view of utilization of solar energy we are more interested in the
energy received at the earth’s surface then in the extra terrestrial energy.
Solar radiation received at the surface of the earth is entirely different due
to various reasons. The types of solar radiation are as follows:
1.3.1.
Beam
or Direct Radiation -
Solar radiation that has not been
absorbed or scattered and reaches the ground directly from the sun is called
direct or beam radiation, most of the energy from sun belongs this category.
1.3.2.
Diffuse
Radiation -
It is a solar radiation received from
the sun after its direction has been changed by reflection and scattering by
the atmosphere.
1.4.
UTILIZATION METHOD -
The Fig.1 depicts the different types of
utilization of solar radiation. The solar energy causes for all another energy
sources also such as wind, biomass, and geothermal and tidal energies. These
are indirect usage, the direct utilization method are as follows:
·
Electricity generation through
photovoltaic cells.
·
Solar thermal capture
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1.
SOLAR
COOKING WHY?
Because you can cook
your food without electricity, gas, fire etc. Listed here are some major advantages
and benefits of solar cooking.
·
First of all you may
have realized that the energy from the sun is free.
·
Second it uses none of
our limited natural resources that are currently being used
for other energy applications in our modern world... It is good for our
environment.
·
Third it can be a
more healthy way of preparing our foods for consumption as
opposed to gas, smoky open fire, microwave etc. because it uses the natural
power of the sun's energy.
And, best of all, it preserves more of the natural
nutrients of the foods by cooking at slower and lower temperatures. And one of the most important reasons for using solar cooking: it
is giving people
around the world a hand up. It is a vital instrument for a more comfortable, healthy and
better way of life by giving them a feasible alternative to the costly, time
consuming chore of cooking over and tending fires, as well as the dangerous and
time consuming necessity of scavenging for cooking fuels in desolate and
dangerous country sides distressed by famine, war and political turmoil.
2.2.
DOESN’T IT TAKE LONGER
TO COOK USING SOLAR ENERGY?
- Yes, it can take longer with some foods, but with
others the time required is almost as quick and efficient as traditional
cooking methods.
- Solar cooking can be compared to the "slow and
low" temperature of Dutch oven or Crockpot methods of cooking.
- Depending upon the time of day and even the time of
year, your cook time will vary.
- The biggest advantage to solar cooking is that you can
leave it to cook on its own without the need to constantly tend it. It's
almost impossible to burn the food.
There is no movement of air in a solar cooker,
allowing food to stay moist and tender and flavorful.
Sun-baked roasts are tastier and more succulent,
and sun-baked bread has unparalleled taste and texture.
Temperatures in a solar oven rise slowly and
evenly, allowing complex carbohydrates time to break down into simple sugars,
emanating subtle natural flavors.
The even temperature of the solar oven prevents
burning, so you do not need
to stir your food while it is cooking.
2.3.
CAN SOLAR COOKER
REPLACE THE CONVENTIONAL METHOD OF COOKING?
For some it can; and has done so...
Granted, there are some limitations with a solar
cooker, especially when it comes to preparing complex and structured recipes and
of course weather and some locations also are factors. But, it is possible to
cook every day that there is sunshine by planning and organizing ones meals
ahead of time in order to take advantage of the sun’s energy as it is available
(I have found though, by much use and experimenting, that the amount and
variety of foods and dishes that can be cooked in a solar cooker are quite
substantial. I have cooked everything from cookies and cakes to pastas and
pizza, chickens and roasts to corn on the cob and baked beans; there really is
no limit if you experiment with each dish.)
EXPERIMENTATION
3.1.
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE -
The working model is being tested in two
different stages. In the first stage the solar cooker is tested without the
trapezoidal reflective surfaces. Then in the second stage the trapezoidal solar
cooker is tested with a full scale model of the adiabatic can is noted down for
every 30 minutes in both stages and the readings are tabulated. The both solar
cooker is tested at the mid day (12.00 PM- 1.30PM). The conventional mercury
thermometer has been used to measure the temperature of the water in the
adiabatic can.
Experimental Results -
Tabulation
CALCULATION
4.1.
FORMULA USED -
Q = M Cp ΔT
Where, Q = heat
transferred in KJ
M = mass of the water
in liters.
ΔT = temperature
difference in ºC
4.2.
ANALITICAL -
First Trial
Total heat absorbed by
Can by conventional solar cooker
Q
= M Cp ΔT
= 0.5×4.19× (49.5-29)
= 42.9475 KJ
Total heat absorbed in
tank by proposed solar cooker
Q
= M Cp ΔT
= 0.5×4.19× (53-29)
= 50.28 KJ
Increased percentage of
total heat transferred with our proposed cooker
=
17 %
Second Trial
Total heat absorbed by
Can by conventional solar cooker
Q
= M Cp ΔT
= 0.5×4.19× (51-29)
= 46.09 KJ
Total heat absorbed in
tank by proposed solar cooker
Q
= M Cp ΔT
= 0.5×4.19× (54-29)
= 52.375 KJ
Increased percentage of
total heat transferred with our proposed cooker
=
13.6
%
Average
percentage of total heat transferred with our proposed cooker
= 15.3
%
4.3.
EXPERIMENTAL RESULT AND DISCUSSION
-
Experiments
were conducted in two different stages. In first stage the experiment were
conducted without trapezoidal surfaces of cooker. Then in second stage the
heater was tested with proposed solar cooker. For better accuracy, the
experiment was tested in two consecutive sunny days with both stages.
The both experiment were conducted on 12, 13 may
2012. The can was filed with 0.5 liters of water with initial water temperature
of 29ºC. The cooker was then exposed to solar radiation from 12 am to 1.30 pm.
The readings were tabulated for every 30 minutes. Maximum water temperature was
found to be 51ºC in convectional solar cooker and 54ºC in proposed solar
cooker. As it can be clearly seen from the graph, the absorbed temperature of
the water by newly designed solar cooker is higher than the temperature of
water by conventional solar cooker. The fig. 1 and Fig. 2 clearly shows that
proposed cooker could absorb more heat than the conventional cooker. It has
calculated that the heat collective efficiency of our proposed design is 15.3%
higher than conventional cooker.
5. ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR COOKERS
-
The
biggest advantage of solar cookers is their eco-friendliness. By using a solar
cooker, you can let go of your dependence on gas or electricity. You can
maintain better air quality indoors and reduce the amount of carbon monoxide
emissions. You can also enjoy cooler temperatures indoors and conserve more
fuel by reducing the need for air conditioning.
Solar
cooking is free to use once you have bought the cooker itself. For the purpose
of operation, all you need is sunlight. You can save a significant amount of
money over the long term. As a result, solar cookers are being used
increasingly in different parts of the world, especially in poorer communities
with limited access to fuel and power.
The
quality of food cooked in a solar cooker is also notable. There is no danger of
burning food and flavors remain intact. Solar cookers can be used for grilling,
roasting and baking food. Baked foods also retain moisture and softness if the
solar cooker is used properly. Solar cookers are easily accessible to people
around the globe. It is very easy to build one from scratch as well.
Commercial
versions of solar cookers fall into three main categories–box cookers,
parabolic cookers and panel cookers. Of the three, parabolic solar cookers are
the most advanced and efficient. Some solar cookers even have the ability to
automatically track the sun’s rays so as to maximize the heat produced in the
cooker.
6. DRAWBACKS OF SOLAR COOKERS
-
Cooking
with solar cookers requires sunlight. This makes the process difficult during
winter months and on rainy days. Cooking also takes a significantly longer time
as compared to conventional methods. Users must schedule their cooking time and
maximize the use of sunlight. As a result, preparation for cooking must start
early in the morning so that the food can be placed in the cooker by noon.
Solar
cookers are not as efficient at retaining heat as compared to conventional
cooking devices. Factors such as wind, rain and snow can seriously hinder the
operation of a solar cooker. In such weather conditions, even after the food is
cooked, it will lose its warmth very quickly. For most homes, a solar cooker by
itself is not a reliable means of cooking. You will need a backup cooking
appliance that operates on gas or electricity. It will come handy when the
weather is unfavorable and when the sun is hidden.
Although
solar cookers are easy to build and use, there is a risk of accidental injury
or burns if the appliance is not used properly. Eyesight can also be damaged if
the concentrated beams of sunlight are reflected back into the eyes from the
solar cooker. The use of safety precautions and protective materials is
necessary.
7.
CONCLUSION -
The
existing solar cooker is observed and the modification is made by incorporating
the Trapezoidal Reflecting Surface to the flat Surface. The obtained result
shows the collective efficiency of our proposed design in 15.3% higher than
conventional solar cooker. The entire system is fabricated with commonly
available materials. It is expected that if designed with advanced materials,
efficiency may be increased at higher rate. Due to financial constraints we
have not used tracking mechanism in our set up. It is believed that further
efficiency of Trapezoidal solar cooker can be increased by adding the
appropriate solar tracking system.
8. RERERENCES –
9. PHOTOS OF PROJECT
–
Mr. KONAL
Mechanical Engineer
Ph. 09423632068
Ph. 09423632068
Director & Founder
ProBotiZ ... Steps Into Virtual Techniz
ProBotiZ Group
ProBotiZ Group
Nagpur (M.S), India – 440017
Gmail - singhkonal@gmail.com
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